Afterwards, the astronaut must return to the space station in order to refill the empty oxygen tanks. Another danger is related to the temperature in space. Unfortunately, the temperature in space is either too high or too low for the human body to stand.
For example, ,if an astronaut would go on a spacewalk without a spacesuit when the sun is shining brightly, he or she would suddenly encounter a temperature of about degrees Celsius with the effect of radiation.
Without the sun, the temperature suddenly drops to about degrees Celsius. This situation happens very, very suddenly because there is no atmosphere in space. Here, the only thing that keeps the astronaut safe in these difficult conditions is again the spacesuit. Another important item on the spacesuit is the Liquid Cooling and Ventilation Garment LCVG , which incorporates clear plastic tubing through which chilled liquid water flows for body temperature control, as well as ventilation tubes for waste gas removal.
Thus, the astronaut can always work comfortably in the spacesuit. In addition to all these, the astronaut must wear a spacesuit to be protected from pressure, radiation and meteor dust.
Even though we can't feel it, air is constantly pressing down on us with a tremendous force. We cannot see this force with our eyes, but we constantly experience the results of this effect, especially when driving on steep hills or getting off an airplane.
This pressure created by the air and the internal pressure created by the beat of our heart is constantly in balance. As we just explained, there is no air in space. This means that there is no air pressure in space. Therefore, spacesuits are inflated with a certain amount of air, just like a balloon, to apply the necessary external pressure to the astronaut.
Thus, the body fluids of astronauts can remain in liquid form during a spacewalk. There is a special layer of atmosphere in the world that protects us from the harmful rays of the sun.
However, since there is no atmosphere layer in space, the sun's harmful rays , also called radiation, can cause great harm to astronauts. Space suits have layers to protect astronauts from radiation and reflect incoming rays. Also included in the spacesuit is a gold-plated visor section to protect the astronauts' eyes. Meteor dusts are small particles orbiting the earth. You might think; "How could a tiny dust particle hurt an astronaut?
Meteor dusts move in orbit of the Earth at a speed of approximately 24, km per hour. Therefore, when any small particle hits an astronaut, it can cause great damage. For this reason, there is a special protection shield in the upper part of the spacesuit and in the area called the Hard Upper Torso , which is similar to the structure of bulletproof vests.
Thanks to this shield, the astronaut is protected from the vital damage that a meteor dust can cause. Astronauts may have to take long space walks from time to time. The record belongs to two astronauts, Jim Voss and Susan Helms, who took a spacewalk for 8 hours and 56 minutes.
Of course, astronauts can get hungry or thirsty during this long spacewalk. If necessary, you may think that they can go to the space station and have their food. But every minute in space is planned and very important. Taking off a spacesuit, that actually takes 15 minutes to put on with someone's help, can cost the astronaut half an hour, so the astronauts do not prefer to return to the space station and take a lunch break. NASA has found a solution to this issue as well.
Under normal circumstances, menus containing more than types of food are prepared for the International Space Station astronauts. These menus that include snacks can be consumed by astronauts at the station. There is also a high-calorie chocolate bar, fixed in a space suit helmet close to the mouth, so that astronauts can gain energy on challenging spacewalks.
Especially on long spacewalks, astronauts enjoy the meal breaks where they consume these chocolates. Since they cannot use their hands, astronauts consume the chocolate bar by biting on it several times. The next need of the astronaut consuming a high-calorie chocolate bar is of course water.
At this point, a water bag located in the spacesuit helmet and a straw attached to this bag comes to aid. The tip of the straw can be opened and closed using only the mouth. It can be said that this shield is cost-effective considering that a spacesuit is not crafted for every single astronaut and it can be used repeatedly for many years as long as there are no problems with it.
Initially, it may look like the most expensive item on the space suit is the Primary Life Support System. This unit, which is responsible for adjusting the oxygen and the temperature levels, contains several electronic devices. However, in terms of cost, the parts that NASA spends the most are the gloves of the astronauts. Spacesuit gloves are the main limiting factor when it comes to working in space. Astronauts usually handle from 70 to tools, tethers and associated equipment for a typical spacewalk.
Like an inflated balloon, the fingers of the gloves resist the effort to bend them. Astronauts must fight that pressure with every movement of their hand, which is exhausting and sometimes results in injury. Furthermore, the joints of the glove are subject to wear that can lead to life-threatening leaks. For this reason, the gloves are specially designed to aid astronauts' mobility.
In a nutshell, spacesuits are basically wearable spacecrafts and can not only keep astronauts alive, but also feed them, allow them to communicate, and even be used as a toilet. Would you like to be an astronaut? If you were an astronaut, what kind of spacesuit would you like to wear? You can share your comments with your friends on the following social media channels. Recently, claims have been circulating on social media that Mars will approach Earth and even appear as big as the full moon in the sky on August 27, This news, which emerged during a similar convergence in and was repeated from time to time, unfortunately is only a hoax, although it attracts the attention of the society to astronomy.
The claims spread so much that NASA made a statement , announcing that Mars would not look as big as a full moon. Another of the Earth-Mars convergences that we will experience on August 27, took place on August 27, According to NASA's Mars Exploration Program, the distance between Mars and Earth has been shorter than ever before in the last 60, years and has dropped to about 56 million km. In this important astronomical event, Mars looked brighter than in previous ordinary convergences, but still was describes as a "bright red dot".
Unfortunately, no. On August 27, , or on any other date, Mars will not look as big from Earth as the full moon looks. Mars is about twice the size of the Moon. In this case, in order to appear as big as the Moon in the sky, it must be approximately thousand km away from us. As far as the orbital mechanics of the solar system goes, it is impossible for Mars to come this close to us.
Even if Mars were as close to Earth as the Moon would seem, the gravitational force would change the Earth's orbit, and this would create terrible tides; it would basically bring the end of the world. The distance between Mars and Earth will decrease to We can say that the distance between the two planets is on average million km. The orbits of Earth and Mars are not circular, but elliptical, and the distance between them is constantly changing, as the time the two planets take to complete a full orbit around the Sun are different.
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Beginner How do we know what other planets and stars, galaxies, etc. Intermediate What happens to spacetime inside a black hole? Intermediate How long could life on Earth survive if the Sun stopped shining? Sunlight completely disappears for a month or so after a collision with a one-kilometer object; a kilometer object might block out the sun for a year or more. Temperatures drop, and there is no light for photosynthesis.
Plants die, animals die. Animals that happen to live underground, where roots and other food sources are not destroyed, have a relatively good chance of survival. It unleashes billions of tons of sulfur-laden dust, some of it from the comet itself, some of it from sulfur-rich rocks that may lie beneath the impact point. The heat of the impact also creates nitrogen oxides. The sulfurous stuff and nitrogen oxides make a corrosive acid rain that strips bare any surviving vegetation.
The acid rain runs into the oceans and kills marine organisms, especially along the continental shelves. The impact and subsequent fires also release a tremendous amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. After the initial impact winter is all over, there is so much carbon dioxide in the air that a centuries-long greenhouse effect may result.
Either way, the consequences were so dire that it is a wonder that any species survived at all. But some did. After the dust settled, they emerged to spread over the newly shaped world and multiplied and found new niches in which to fulfill their destinies. Newsletter Get smart.
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