When writing for text or in references, traditional abbreviations are used. The names of states should be always spelled out when they are written in sentences. Traditional abbreviations were used before the two-letter postal codes became standard.
Oregon OR Ore. Pennsylvania PA Pa. Rhode Island RI R. South Carolina SC S. South Dakota SD S. Tennessee TN Tenn. Texas TX Tex.
Virginia VA Va. Washington WA Wash. West Virginia WV W. Wisconsin WI Wis. Wyoming WY Wyo. Printable US State Abbreviations Map If you'd like a quick visual guide to remembering the state abbreviations, check out the map below.
Puerto Rico PR P. Virgin Islands VI V. Using State vs. Traditional Abbreviations If you're writing a letter or sending anything else through the mail, you should use the USPS state abbreviation.
Using USPS State Abbreviations Here's when you should use USPS state abbreviations: when addressing a letter or item through the United States mail when writing bibliographies or tables in Chicago style in parentheses after writing the full name of a state. Using Traditional State Abbreviations In other cases, you should use the traditional abbreviations, such as: when describing a person's political party affiliation for example, D-Miss.
You can follow these general patterns: All USPS and traditional abbreviations begin with the first letter of the state's name. The second letter of USPS abbreviations is found within the state's name usually the second letter, but in some cases, further along in the word.
If a state has two words in its name, its postal abbreviation uses the first letter of each word in its abbreviation for example, NM for New Mexico and WV for West Virginia. Most traditional abbreviations use the first three, four or five letters of the state's name, such as Colorado Colo.
State Abbreviations That Don't Follow Standard Patterns However, there are a few states that break the rules or are especially confusing. Here are the rules:. In addresses, use the 2-letter codes that were first issued by the U.
Postal Service in see Table below to abbreviate names of states. In tables, use the 2-letter postal codes. In bibliographies, use the 2-letter postal codes in addresses of publishers. In bibliographies, do not use the 2-letter postal codes in abbreviations of journal titles.
Be happy if the style of the journal for which you are writing requires that names of journals cited be spelled out in full. Be happy if the style of the journal for which you are writing requires that place names in titles of journals cited be spelled out in full e.
If you have to abbreviate names of U. Except 2 , that when you are writing for any journal that uses the recommended CBE Style Manual format, the abbreviations are not to be followed by periods Tenn not Tenn. Merriam Webster gives yet other variant forms. What a pity these abbreviations have not been replaced totally, everywhere, by the simpler, briefer, and consistent postal codes. However, at least for the present, they seem to be required by various style manuals and by editorial policy of many, if not all, journals.
Hutchinson, L. Standard handbook for secretaries. McGraw Hill;. Merriam Webster Merriam Wester; Springfield, IL. See also:. Members of the United Nations. Trending Here are the facts and trivia that people are buzzing about. Is Vatican City a Country? The Languages of Africa. The Mongol Empire. The Most and Least Religious Countries. FEN Learning is part of Sandbox Networks, a digital learning company that operates education services and products for the 21st century.
District of Columbia. New Hampshire. New Jersey. New Mexico. New York. North Carolina.
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