Graft-versus-host disease. This is a condition where the new, donated blood cells attack cells in the body. Symptoms such as fever and rash may start within a month of the blood transfusion. Talk to your healthcare provider about which risks may apply to you. Your healthcare provider will let you know if you need to prepare in any way. Make sure to tell him or her if you have ever had a bad reaction to a blood transfusion. You may be given a medicine to help prevent an allergic reaction.
Most hospitals need a consent form before a blood transfusion. This needs to be signed by you or by a chosen family member. Your blood may be tested before the blood transfusion to find out what type it is. This is to make sure that you get the right kind of donor blood.
Your finger may be pricked to get a few drops of blood. Or you may have blood taken from a vein in your arm. During the procedure, you will be given blood from one or more people who donated it.
In some cases, you may be given blood that was taken from you before. Or you may be given blood from a family member or friend. A healthcare provider will clean the area where the IV will go. He or she will insert an IV into one of your veins, most likely in your arm. The whole blood or blood parts will be sent through this line.
The whole process may take 1 to 4 hours. A healthcare provider will watch you for any signs of negative reactions. These are most likely in the first 15 minutes.
Tell the healthcare provider right away if you start having symptoms. You should be able to eat, drink, and go to the bathroom with help during the procedure. Your healthcare provider will let you know about what else to expect.
After your blood transfusion, your vital signs will be checked. These include your temperature and your blood pressure. You may be able to go home soon after your blood transfusion. You should be able to go back to your normal activities and eat a normal diet.
Your healthcare provider may give you additional instructions. The area on your arm where you had the IV may be sore for a few hours. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you have fever, trouble breathing, swelling at the IV site, or other symptoms.
You may need to have follow-up blood tests. Clinical trials funded by the NHLBI helped determine that the previous blood transfusion guidelines sometimes led to unnecessary transfusions. The current guidelines will limit unnecessary transfusions and help reduce the risks and complications linked to blood transfusions. An NHLBI-funded study compared two transfusion methods designed to better deliver blood transfusions to critically injured patients.
The study found that the two methods were equally effective at helping patients survive their injuries. These results will help increase the treatment options available to patients. View No difference in long-term mortality found when investigators tested two blood transfusion methods in severely injured trauma patients for more information. The NHLBI leads or sponsors many studies on the use of blood transfusions for the treatment of sickle cell disease.
These studies have led to advances in the use of blood transfusions to manage anemia, prevent organ failure, and reduce the risk of stroke in patients who have sickle cell disease. View Evidence-Based Management of Sickle Cell Disease and Blood transfusions may mean fewer strokes in kids with sickle cell disease for more information. Advancing research for improved health.
We perform research. Our Division of Intramural Research , which includes investigators from the Hematology and Sickle Cell branches, perform research on conditions that require a blood transfusion. We fund research.
The research we fund today will help improve our future health. This helps us to improve upon the safety of blood and blood products and their use in the treatment and management of conditions such as anemia, sickle cell disease, and bleeding disorders. We stimulate high-impact research. Read more. Optimizing blood unit storage conditions. The NHLBI funds basic and translational research to understand the effects of processing and storage on the quality of blood products. NHLBI-funded studies on age-related changes to stored blood have led to suggested updates to current recommendations for allowable storage times, storage conditions, and processing methods for blood products used in transfusions.
Developing laboratory-derived blood components for transfusion. Although blood transfusions are very common, a shortage of donors could mean that a specific type of blood is not available when needed. The NHLBI supports research into methods to solve this problem by growing red blood cells and platelets in the laboratory.
If successful, this could help ensure a constant supply of safe blood for transfusion. Evaluating the effectiveness of whole blood for transfusion in trauma situations. We are supporting research to investigate whether using whole blood transfusions that include red blood cells and platelets can help stop bleeding.
Determining the benefits and risks of medicines for children in trauma situations. NHLBI-supported research is investigating whether tranexamic acid, a medicine that stops bleeding and improves survival in adults with serious injuries, can also benefit children. Identifying transfusion strategies for patients based on their specific health conditions.
The study is also assessing whether some patients may benefit from receiving more blood transfusions than current guidelines allow. The donated blood used for your transfusion must be compatible with your blood type. Blood transfusions are usually done in a hospital, an outpatient clinic or a doctor's office. The procedure typically takes one to four hours, depending on which parts of the blood you receive and how much blood you need.
In some cases, you can donate blood for yourself before elective surgery, but most transfusions involve blood donated by strangers. An identification check will ensure you receive the correct blood.
An intravenous IV line with a needle is inserted into one of your blood vessels. The donated blood that's been stored in a plastic bag enters your bloodstream through the IV.
You'll be seated or lying down for the procedure, which usually takes one to four hours. A nurse will monitor you throughout the procedure and take measures of your blood pressure, temperature and heart rate.
Tell the nurse immediately if you develop:. The needle and IV line will be removed. You might develop a bruise around the needle site, but this should go away in a few days. Contact your health care provider if you develop shortness of breath or chest or back pain in the days immediately following a blood transfusion.
You might need further blood testing to see how your body is responding to the donor blood and to check your blood counts. Explore Mayo Clinic studies of tests and procedures to help prevent, detect, treat or manage conditions. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products.
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