The Republicans refused to OK a spending bill because they wanted the Democrats and the White House to, among other things, agree to deep cuts to Medicare and Medicaid. Read More. The GOP also wanted the White House to rely on Congressional Budget Office figures for their budget calculations, which weren't as optimistic as projections from the administration's Office of Management and Budget.
The shutdown ended after 21 full days -- from December 16, to January 5, And it did so only after Clinton bowed to a key Republican demand: submitting a seven-year balanced budget plan scored by the Congressional Budget Office. It lasted over three weeks, from December 15, to January 6, Here's how it compares to the shutdown, which on Saturday is likely to become the longest in US history. That currently record-holding shutdown took place less than a month after a previous shutdown in November closed the government for five days due to budget battles between Clinton and Republican Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich.
Although temporarily resolved after November, the two side's disagreements on funding for public initiatives spilled over again into another funding impasse soon afterward, leaving the government paralyzed as it rang in the new year.
Like nearly all funding gap problems, the government shutdown was about a difference in priorities. While Gingrich was dead set on reducing government spending at the federal level, Clinton wanted to expand spending on Medicare, education, the environment, and public health. While federal spending as an idea was not a sticking point in the shutdown, this stalemate is similar because the two parties have vastly different ideas about how to tackle what is perhaps the most visible issue in the Trump era — immigration.
Though Trump previously said he would be "proud" to take the blame for the shutdown over the wall, Republicans are now pointing the finger at Democrats.
Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell has said that Democrats "refused to meet President Trump halfway and provide even one-fifth of the resources for the border they were willing to provide just a few months ago. Though the House — which switched hands during the shutdown and is now under Democratic control — voted to re-open the government, McConnell has said the Senate won't pass any funding bills that do not get the president's approval.
The delayed effect of the impasse on work in Washington is similar to what happened during the Clinton-Gingrich shutdown. Because government funding officially ran out at the end of Friday, December 15, , the full effects of the shutdown were not felt until thousands of government employees were furloughed starting Monday, December While the shutdown has been the longest in history so far, only about , employees were forced to stay home during the three-week period, compared to the , who were furloughed during the five-day shutdown in November The Senate was willing to comply, but the House insisted on bigger defense cuts and on pay increases for itself and the civil service.
The shutdown ended quickly after Congress passed a continuing resolution for a little less than a month, giving them time to negotiate. Why: This one literally happened because Reagan and Congress had social engagements and forgot to keep funds flowing in the meantime.
I swear to God. Congress missed the deadline tonight for action on a catch-all spending bill needed to finance the Government in the next two and a half months, even though House and Senate conferees adopted a compromise measure resolving differences in the legislation approved by each chamber.
The House and Senate will not act on the measure until Friday. Congressional leaders barred a late-night session because of major social events tonight by both Republicans and Democrats. Why: This dispute concerned money both the House and Senate wanted for a public works jobs program, which Reagan threatened to veto.
Why: A variety of issues this time: House Democrats wanted more education funding, more aid for Israel and Egypt, less aid to Syria and El Salvador, and less defense spending than Reagan did. The two parties reached a compromise in which the MX missile was funded, and Democrats got a lot less money for education and secured their defense and foreign cuts, along with a ban on oil and gas drilling on federal animal refuges.
And this time, , workers were furloughed. Why: House Democrats were pushing a number of White House-opposed provisions, including expansion of Aid to Families With Dependent Children, the name used at the time for welfare. About , workers were furloughed for half a day.
Why: Congressional Democrats were resisting further funding for the Contras in Nicaragua, and insisted on reinstating the Fairness Doctrine, a Federal Communications Commission rule that had recently been abandoned, which required broadcasters to show balanced perspectives on political issues.
Why: Bush pledged to veto any continuing resolution that did not come with a plan to reduce the deficit. The House tried to override his veto and failed, forcing a shutdown in which millions of workers were furloughed. The House and Senate agreed to a joint budget resolution outlining a declining deficit, and Bush signed a continuing resolution. Why: Gingrich and Dole sent Clinton a continuing resolution including hikes to Medicare premiums, rollbacks of environmental regulations, and a requirement to balance the budget within seven years.
Clinton vetoed it, and the government went into shutdown. The shutdown ended with a deal among the three leaders to fund the government at 75 percent levels for four weeks so that negotiations could keep going.
Alec Tyson is an associate director of research at Pew Research Center. Carroll Doherty is director of political research at Pew Research Center.
Facts are more important than ever. The last government shutdown and now: a different environment. Americans view this shutdown much as they did past ones — negatively and with much anxiety.
How Americans see illegal immigration, the border wall and political compromise. Public wants compromise, but not on issues they care about. Are you a Faith and Flag Conservative? Progressive Left?
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