Infectious Disease Data for Wales. Surveillance Data by Health Board. Immunisation and Vaccine Preventable Diseases. Healthcare Associated Infections. Infections from Animals Zoonoses. Antibiotic Resistance. Clinical Instrument Surveillance Programme. Microbiology Services. Reference Laboratories and Specialist Services. Health Protection Team. Environmental Health Protection. Publications and Guidance. Research and Collaborations. Ask a GP about having the vaccination. If the MMR vaccine is not suitable for you , a treatment called human normal immunoglobulin HNIG can be used if you're at immediate risk of catching measles.
There are several things you can do to help relieve your symptoms and reduce the risk of spreading the infection. In severe cases, especially if there are complications, you or your child may need to be admitted to hospital for treatment. There were confirmed cases in England and Wales in , which then rose sharply to cases in Find out what to do if there's a measles outbreak. Tell us whether you accept cookies We've put some small files called cookies on your device to make our site work.
Accept all cookies Set cookie preferences. The infection usually clears in around 7 to 10 days. Symptoms of measles The initial symptoms of measles develop around 10 days after you're infected. These can include: cold-like symptoms, such as a runny nose, sneezing and a cough sore, red eyes that may be sensitive to light a high temperature fever , which may reach around 40C small greyish-white spots on the inside of the cheeks A few days later, a red-brown blotchy rash will appear.
You should also see a GP if you have been in close contact with someone who has measles and have not: been fully vaccinated with 2 doses of the MMR vaccine had the infection before You should do this even if you do not have any symptoms.
How measles is spread The measles virus is contained in the millions of tiny droplets that come out of the nose and mouth when an infected person coughs or sneezes. There are several things you can do to help relieve your symptoms and reduce the risk of spreading the infection. In severe cases, especially if there are complications, you or your child may need to be admitted to hospital for treatment. There were confirmed cases in England and Wales in , which then rose sharply to cases in Find out what to do if there's a measles outbreak.
Page last reviewed: 14 August Next review due: 14 August The infection usually clears in around 7 to 10 days. Symptoms of measles The initial symptoms of measles develop around 10 days after you're infected. About rubella Rubella german measles is a viral infection that's now rare in the UK. Symptoms of rubella include: a red-pink skin rash made up of small spots swollen glands around the head and neck a high temperature fever cold -like symptoms such as a cough and runny nose aching and painful joints — more common in adults The symptoms of rubella usually only last a few days, but your glands may be swollen for several weeks.
Rubella and pregnancy Rubella usually only becomes a serious concern if a pregnant woman catches the infection during the first 20 weeks of her pregnancy. This is because the rubella virus can disrupt the development of the baby and cause a wide range of health problems, including: eye problems — such as cataracts cloudy patches on the lens of the eye deafness heart abnormalities brain damage The birth defects caused by the rubella virus are known as congenital rubella syndrome CRS.
How it spreads Rubella is caused by a type of virus called a togavirus. Who's affected? Treating rubella There's no specific treatment for rubella, but symptoms normally pass within 7 to 10 days. Preventing rubella The best way to prevent rubella is to be immunised with the MMR vaccine. Contact your GP if you're uncertain whether you or your child are up-to-date with immunisations. Symptoms of rubella The symptoms of rubella usually take two to three weeks to develop after infection.
A red-pink rash The rubella rash is typically a red-pink colour. Swollen lymph glands Lymph nodes, or glands, are small lumps of tissue found throughout the body. Other symptoms As well as a rash and swollen lymph glands, people with rubella may also develop other symptoms, including: a high temperature fever — it is usually mild less than 39C or Seeking medical advice You should always contact your GP surgery or the service straight away if you suspect rubella.
Diagnosing rubella If you suspect rubella, phone your GP surgery or the service straight away for advice. Your GP should be able to arrange a time for you to visit that won't put other people at risk. Saliva and blood tests If rubella is suspected, a sample of saliva from your mouth or blood taken from a vein in your arm can be taken and tested for certain antibodies. If you have rubella or you've had it in the past, your saliva or blood will test positive for certain antibodies: IgM antibody — this will be present if you have a new rubella infection IgG antibody — this will be present if you've had the rubella infection in the past, or you've been vaccinated against it If neither antibody is present, you don't have rubella and you haven't been immunised against it.
Diagnosis in pregnancy If you're pregnant, you should contact your GP or midwife as soon as possible if: you come into contact with someone who has rubella you have a rash or come into contact with anyone who has a rash you have symptoms of rubella It's unlikely you have rubella in these circumstances, but a blood test may be necessary to check for the condition.
Treating rubella There's no specific treatment for rubella. Treating your symptoms If the symptoms of rubella are causing discomfort for you or your child, there are some things you can do while you wait for the infection to pass.
Controlling fever and relieving pain If necessary, paracetamol or ibuprofen can be used to reduce a high temperature fever and treat any aches or pains. Speak to your pharmacist if you're not sure which medications are suitable for your child.
Drink plenty of fluids If your child has a high temperature, make sure they drink plenty of fluid as they may be at risk of dehydration. Treating cold-like symptoms If you have cold -like symptoms such as a runny nose, sore throat or a cough , there are a number of things you can do to feel more comfortable. Avoiding the spread of infection While you have rubella, it's important to reduce the risk of spreading the infection to other people.
Complications of rubella Serious complications of rubella are rare, particularly since the measles, mumps and rubella MMR vaccine was introduced. Congenital rubella syndrome Congenital rubella syndrome CRS occurs when the virus that causes rubella disrupts the development of an unborn baby.
Problems caused by CRS CRS can cause the following problems in babies: eye defects such as cataracts cloudy patches in the lens of the eye deafness congenital heart disease — where the heart doesn't develop in the right way a small head compared with the rest of the body, as the brain isn't fully developed a slower than normal growth rate in the womb damage to the brain, liver, lungs or bone marrow Children born with CRS can develop problems later in their lives as well.
These include: type 1 diabetes — a lifelong condition that causes a person's blood sugar level to become too high overactive thyroid or underactive thyroid — the thyroid gland produces hormones to control the body's growth and metabolism swelling inside the brain — this causes a loss of mental and movement functions Occasionally, hearing problems aren't obvious at birth, but are detected as the child gets older.
Preventing rubella The best way to avoid catching rubella is to be immunised with the measles, mumps and rubella MMR vaccine. If you're already immunised, having the MMR vaccine again won't cause you any harm. Planning a pregnancy It's a good idea to check that you're fully protected against rubella if you're planning to have a baby.
During pregnancy You can't have the MMR vaccine when you're pregnant as it could pose a risk for your baby. Limiting the spread of infection Someone who has the rubella virus is infectious for one week before symptoms appear and around four days after the rash first develops. Immunisation before travelling Although rubella is uncommon in the UK, the condition is more widespread in some other parts of the world, such as areas of Africa, Asia and South America.
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